Lily of the valley production in France

Every May 1st, the streets of France are adorned with white bells, symbols of happiness and luck: lily of the valley. But did you know that behind this tradition lies meticulous and exciting agricultural production? Tradition and innovation intertwine in the fascinating world of lily of the valley to perpetuate unique and ancestral know-how. Although producers adapt to new regulations and market requirements to offer these precious lucky strands every spring, this crop faces climatic and environmental challenges.

Lily of the valley culture and tradition

Also called Convallaria majalis, lily of the valley is a perennial herbaceous plant that traditionally flowers in spring. Lily of the valley claws are planted in autumn, usually between September and November on rich, slightly acidic soils and require a temperate climate with cold winters to grow well. In France, it is associated with the May 1st celebration, where it is offered as a good luck charm. This tradition dates back to the Renaissance, in 1560 when a knight offered a sprig of lily of the valley to King Charles IX, and it was strengthened at the beginning of the 20th century with Labor Day celebrations. Lily of the valley production in France is also distinguished by its specific agricultural techniques, notably forcing to ensure timely flowering, the use of greenhouses to create a controlled environment and cold rooms. Its niche market and local know-how concentrated in the Pays de la Loire region are just as important.

Challenges and perspectives

Currently, lily of the valley production in 2024 has been marked by many notable challenges and developments. In 2023, lily of the valley production in France generated annual revenues estimated between 20 and 30 million euros. Most of this production comes from the Nantes region, particularly Pays de la Loire, which produces around 60 million sprigs of lily of the valley per year.
Despite the considerable profits, lily of the valley growers face various challenges, including unforeseen climate changes and problems recruiting essential labor for picking. Each year, approximately 7,000 seasonal workers, including students, retirees and other temporary employees, are needed for this harvest.
Weather conditions can greatly affect lily of the valley production. Too early or too cold springs can disrupt flowering. Furthermore, lily of the valley production remains an economically significant activity, but it is subject to fluctuations in demand and international competition. Producers are increasingly seeking to adopt sustainable and environmentally friendly practices to meet consumer expectations. Practices like reducing pesticides and using organic growing techniques. There are constant research efforts to improve cultivation techniques, plant resistance and flower quality.

Until now, France is recognized as the largest producer of lily of the valley, thus contributing significantly to the global supply of this iconic flower. How do lily of the valley producers in France plan to reconcile the innovation necessary to face contemporary challenges while preserving the tradition of this emblematic crop for the future?