The water

What is water? A liquid body, odorless, colorless, tasteless, composed of oxygen
and hydrogen.

Where does the water come from? From a river, an underground water table, a lake, a spring… It undergoes several treatments to become drinking water.

Water is the only drink essential to life, and all living beings need water to live as well as the agriculture that feeds us. Humans are made up of approximately 70% water, and must hydrate with 2 liters of water daily. Without water, it can only survive a few days, 2 to 3 days.

The water on earth is divided between salt water from the oceans at 97.5%, and fresh water from glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater at only 2.5%... all representing 1400 million billion m3 of water.

According to a United Nations study, between 1.5 and 2 billion people, and there are 8 billion of us, live in regions without drinking water, or 1 in 4 individuals. This situation therefore becomes extremely worrying, because the needs in drinking water increases by 1% per year due to climate change, population growth, the development of industry, agriculture and also overconsumption.

It is therefore essential and urgent to desalinate the water in the seas and oceans... and some countries have tackled it. These are Saudi Arabia (the world's largest producer), the United Arab Emirates with 14% of world production, the United States of North America, Spain, Barcelona and Australia. An African country, Namibia, makes wastewater potable. Israel aims to source 97% of its drinking water from desalination plants.
In France, there is a factory in Port-Vendres in the Eastern Pyrenees, which is equipped with solar panels, thus producing the necessary electrical energy.

The International Desalination and Reuse Association states that there are currently 23,000 installations worldwide that provide 110 million cubic meters of drinking water per day. But desalination of sea water is not the best solution since the consequences can be catastrophic for the ecology, and mainly for marine organisms, corals, molluscs, algae etc. due to the chemicals used for treatment methods, and these desalinations also require significant consumption of electrical energy.
Another negative impact is the increase in ocean temperatures around the factories, with the brine released perhaps 4° higher than seawater.
Global water consumption is 4 billion m3, which represents 136,000 liters per second. This quantity of drinking water consumed is well above the threshold allowing the natural renewal of reserves. Forecasts indicate that in 2030 consumption will increase to 4.7 billion m3 (8 times more than the consumption of our grandparents' time.

Some average daily consumption per capita:

The United States of America: 450 liters per day per inhabitant,
Canada: 340 liters/d/h,
Japan: 320 l/d/h,
France 150 l/d/h,
Israel 135 l/d/h,
the United Kingdom 132 l/d/h,
African urban areas 75 l/d/h,
African rural areas: 10 to 20 l/d/h.
In France, 93% of water is used for hygiene and cleaning and the remaining 7% for food and drinking.
The observation is therefore that we need a lot of drinking water to live. In the case of a family of 4 people for a week, it takes 40 liters of drinking water to grow a salad, 140 liters for a cup of coffee, 330 liters to make a baguette and 15,000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of beef, which corresponds to 140,000 liters/week.

In conclusion, water is the salvation of men and animals. This is a big challenge for states that lack it. Near us, 60% of water-poor countries are Mediterranean where
20 million people no longer have access to drinking water, and therefore after hunger it is thirst that wins. Within 10 years the need will have increased by 400%.
This situation is likely to cause unrest and revolutions.